Hardest Countries to Get Citizenship in 2026: Top 15 Countries You Should Know
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The hardest countries to get citizenship in 2026 include Qatar, Switzerland, China, Japan, & more, with decades-long residency rules, rare naturalisation approvals, & government-controlled decisions that leave many long-term residents without a passport.
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Getting citizenship isn’t as straightforward as it used to be, especially in 2026. Many countries have tightened their rules, raised residency requirements, and added tougher language or integration checks. Thehardest countries to get citizenship in 2026(Qatar, Japan, Monaco, Finland, Bhutan, etc) expect you to live there for years without breaks, make citizenship dependent on taxes, culture tests, or government approval.
According to the OECD, some nations take over 10 years of continuous residency before one can even apply for citizenship. These countries are often popular destinations, which is exactly why their processes are slow and strict. In this blog, we break down which countries have thehardest visa to get, what makes their citizenship rules challenging, and the requirements to qualify for citizenship.
Top 15 Hardest Countries to Get Citizenship
Below are the details for the hardest countries to get citizenship in.
1. Qatar
Qatar is one of the most difficult countries to obtain citizenship in. The process is long and complicated, and there are very few avenues through which one can become a citizen. The vast majority of citizens are either born into Qatari families or granted citizenship through marriages to Qataris.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
25 Years |
|
Language |
Arabic |
|
Other Requirements |
Must demonstrate integration into Qatari society. |
|
Processing Time |
Several Years |
ǰ:Top 10 Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship with India
2. Vatican City
Vatican City is one of the hardest countries to get citizenship. There are only two ways to become a citizen of Vatican City - that is to be born there or be appointed by the Pope. If you're not born in Vatican City, your only hope of becoming a citizen is to be appointed by the Pope. The Pope appoints citizens for specific roles within the Vatican, such as diplomats or members of the Swiss Guard.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
NA |
|
Language |
Italian |
|
Other Requirements |
Must be a member of the clergy or employed by the Holy See. |
|
Processing Time |
Varies |
3. Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein is one of the smallest and wealthiest countries in Europe. The country's citizenship requirements are some of the most stringent in the world. Applicants must have lived in Liechtenstein for at least 30 years and must be able to prove that they are financially stable and have integrated into the community. They must also pass a language test.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
30 Years |
|
Language |
German |
|
Other Requirements |
Strong connection to the country and financial stability. |
|
Processing Time |
Several Years |
4. Bhutan
Next up, Bhutan is also one of the toughest countries to get citizenship. The small landlocked country in the Himalayas has a population of just over 700,000 and a very low rate of naturalization. The process of becoming a Bhutanese citizen is long and complicated. As per the Bhutanese Citizenship Act 1985, applicants must have lived in the country for at least 15 years, be proficient in the Dzongkha language, and have a clean criminal record. They must also pass a rigorous exam that tests their knowledge of Bhutanese history, culture, and religion.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
15 Years |
|
Language |
Dzongkha |
|
Other Requirements |
Must have a significant contribution to Bhutanese society. |
|
Processing Time |
Several Years |
Also Read:All About Canadian Citizenship for Indians
5. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the toughest countries to get citizenship in the world. There are several reasons for this, including the fact that Saudi Arabia does not allow dual citizenship and requires all citizens to be Muslim. In addition, Saudi Arabia has strict requirements for foreigners who wish to become citizens, including a minimum age of 21 and a residency requirement of five years.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
10 Years |
|
Language |
Arabic |
|
Other Requirements |
Must be a permanent resident and demonstrate economic activity. |
|
Processing Time |
Several Years |
6. Kuwait
Kuwait is a country where thegovernment is very selective about who they allow into the country, and they have a strict set of requirements that must be met to be granted citizenship. This is why it is also known to have one of the toughest visas to get.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
20 Years |
|
Language |
Arabic |
|
Other Requirements |
Must have strong economic ties and integrate into Kuwaiti society. |
|
Processing Time |
Several years |
7. Switzerland
Switzerland is known for its mountainous landscapes and picturesque villages, as well as its stringent immigration policies. Citizenship in Switzerland is difficult to obtain, and the process can be lengthy and expensive.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
10 Years |
|
Language |
German, French, Italian, Romansh |
|
Other Requirements |
Must demonstrate integration into Swiss society. |
|
Processing Time |
12-18 months |
Explore:Cost of Studying in Switzerland
8. China
If you are thinking about which country is the hardest to get citizenship in, then the answer is China. In order to become a Chinese citizen, you must be of Chinese descent. This means that you must have at least one parent who is of Chinese nationality. If you are not of Chinese descent, then you are not eligible for citizenship. Chinese citizenship can also be acquired through marriage to a Chinese citizen. However, the marriage must be registered with the Chinese government in order for it to be recognized.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
10 Years |
|
Language |
Mandarin |
|
Other Requirements |
Significant economic or political contribution required. |
|
Processing Time |
3-6 months |
9. North Korea
North Korea is one of the hardest citizenship to get. This country is one of the most secretive countries worldwide and it is believed that it is close to impossible to get citizenship here. Only the presidium of the supreme people’s assembly can grant citizenship to a foreigner.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
No Clear Policy |
|
Language |
Korean |
|
Other Requirements |
Only available to select individuals with political connections. |
|
Processing Time |
Varies |
10. Japan
The island nation of Japan is one of the most difficult countries in which to obtain citizenship. The process is long and arduous and requires a significant investment of both time and money. To begin with, as per the Nationality law, 1950, prospective citizens must have lived in Japan for at least 5 years. During that time, they must have held a valid work visa and maintained a clean criminal record. They must also pass a rigorous Japanese language test. Once those requirements are met, applicants must submit a detailed application to the Ministry of Justice.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
5 Years |
|
Language |
Japanese |
|
Other Requirements |
Must show financial stability and integration into Japanese society. |
|
Processing Time |
12-18 months |
11. San Marino
San Marino is one of the toughest countries to get citizenship. The requirements are very strict and the process is long and complicated. The first step in the process is to submit an application to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Once your application has been approved, you will need to take a citizenship test. If you pass the citizenship test, you will then need to go through a personal interview with a panel of judges. After that, you will take an oath of allegiance to San Marino and finally be granted citizenship.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
30 Years |
|
Language |
Italian |
|
Other Requirements |
Must demonstrate integration into Sammarinese society. |
|
Processing Time |
Several Years |
12. Austria
Austria is located in the heart of Europe and is bordered by eight other countries, making it one of the most difficult places to become a naturalized citizen. The process requires 12 years of continuous residency, including three years of marriage to an Austrian citizen, and passing a language test. Even then, citizenship is not guaranteed and can be denied at the discretion of the Austrian government. However, it is easy to get anAustria Red-white-Red-Card.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
10 Years |
|
Language |
German |
|
Other Requirements |
Must demonstrate economic stability and integration. |
|
Processing Time |
24 - 36 Months |
13. Monaco
Monaco is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign city-state, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe.
Monaco is bordered by France to the north, east, and west, and by the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The official language of Monaco is French, although Monégasque, Italian, and English are also spoken.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
10 Years |
|
Language |
French |
|
Other Requirements |
Must demonstrate economic independence and integration. |
|
Processing Time |
Several Months |
14. Finland
Finland is considered to be one of the hardest countries to get citizenship, due in large part to their stringent requirements and lack of flexibility. To be eligible for Finnish citizenship, an applicant must have a continuous residence in the country for at least eight years, as well as be proficient in the Finnish language.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
5 years |
|
Language |
Finnish, Swedish |
|
Other Requirements |
Must show integration and financial stability. |
|
Processing Time |
6 - 23 months |
Also Read:Cost of Studying in Finland for International Students
15. United Arab Emirates (UAE)
The United Arab Emirates is another country where gaining citizenship is extremely difficult, despite having over 9 million residents. The vast majority of the population comprises experts who live and work there under long term visas, without the path to automatic citizenship
Citizenship in the UAE is rarely granted and is typically reserved for individuals who can provide exceptional value to the nation, such as investors, scientists, doctors or other highly skilled professionals. The UAE only recently introduced a system in 2021 to allow for limited citizenship grants to select foreigners but this remains highly exclusive.
|
Requirement |
Description |
|
Residency |
Typically 30 years (naturalization), 7-10 years (exceptional cases/investors) |
|
Language |
Arabic |
|
Other Requirements |
Must be of good conduct, have a stable income, and renounce previous citizenship |
|
Processing Time |
Indefinite (cases are rare and handled on a discretionary basis) |
Check Out:How to Settle in Dubai?
Reasons for the Hardest Countries to Get Citizenship
Getting citizenship in some countries is difficult by design. These nations limit naturalisation to protect culture, control population, or prioritise native citizens. Below is a breakdown of why these countries are considered the hardest.
Qatar Citizenship Difficulty
Qatar is often seen as having the most difficult visa to get leading to citizenship, mainly because long-term residents still have almost no pathway to naturalisation.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
No clear naturalisation law |
Citizenship is granted only by the Emir’s approval |
|
Long residency requirement |
Decades of stay without a guarantee |
|
Citizenship by descent focus |
Foreigners rarely qualify |
|
Limited approvals |
Only a handful approved historically |
Vatican City Citizenship Difficulty
Vatican City is not just the toughest visa to get, but also one of the rarest citizenships in the world.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Citizenship tied to job |
Ends once role ends |
|
No permanent residency |
Temporary by design |
|
Religious requirement |
Limited to church roles |
|
No naturalisation route |
No standard application process |
Liechtenstein Citizenship Difficulty
Liechtenstein is one of the hardest countries to get citizenship, even after long-term residence.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
30-year residency rule |
One of the longest globally |
|
Local municipality approval |
Citizens vote on applications |
|
Strong cultural integration |
Language and local ties required |
|
Very low approval rate |
Rejections are common |
Bhutan Citizenship Difficulty
Bhutan keeps its citizenship rules strict to protect culture, making it one of the most difficult visas to get leading to citizenship.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Long residency |
20+ years required |
|
Cultural assimilation |
Language and tradition checks |
|
Government discretion |
Approval not guaranteed |
|
Restricted immigration |
Limited foreign settlement |
Saudi Arabia Citizenship Difficulty
Saudi Arabia is known for having one of the toughest visas to get permanently, even for skilled professionals.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Discretionary approvals |
No automatic eligibility |
|
High eligibility standards |
Exceptional skills required |
|
Long residency |
10+ years minimum |
|
Limited yearly grants |
Very few approvals |
Kuwait Citizenship Difficulty
Kuwait is widely considered one of the hardest countries to get citizenship in 2026, especially for long-term residents.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Strict nationality laws |
Citizenship rarely granted |
|
Long residency |
20+ years |
|
Preference for nationals |
Foreigners excluded |
|
Political approval |
Parliamentary involvement |
Switzerland Citizenship Difficulty
Switzerland may look welcoming, but it has one of the most difficult visas to get converted into citizenship.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
10-12 years residency |
Mandatory minimum |
|
Local approval |
Cantonal and municipal checks |
|
Language tests |
Regional language required |
|
Community integration |
Lifestyle scrutiny |
China Citizenship Difficulty
China remains one of the hardest countries for citizenship, even for investors or professionals.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
No dual citizenship |
Mandatory renunciation |
|
Rare approvals |
Very limited cases |
|
Government discretion |
No transparent process |
|
Political sensitivity |
Strict screening |
North Korea Citizenship Difficulty
North Korea is arguably the most difficult country to get citizenship in the world.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Closed immigration system |
No naturalisation process |
|
Political restrictions |
Foreign settlement restricted |
|
State-controlled entry |
Entry itself is rare |
|
No legal pathway |
Citizenship not offered |
Japan Citizenship Difficulty
Japan is known for being one of the toughest countries to get citizenship due to its strict requirements.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
5-10 years residency |
Continuous stay required |
|
Renounce prior nationality |
No dual citizenship |
|
Cultural integration |
Strong expectation |
|
Detailed screening |
Income and conduct checks |
United Arab Emirates Citizenship Difficulty
Despite long-term residency options, the UAE remains one of the hardest countries to get citizenship.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
No automatic pathway |
Residency ≠ citizenship |
|
Selective nominations |
Granted by rulers |
|
Limited eligibility |
Exceptional talent only |
|
No clear timeline |
Unpredictable approvals |
San Marino Citizenship Difficulty
San Marino has one of the most difficult visas to get leading to citizenship due to slow and strict processes.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Long residency |
30 years typically |
|
Small population |
Limited approvals |
|
Government discretion |
Case-by-case |
|
Strong local ties |
Required |
Austria Citizenship Difficulty
Austria is known for having one of the toughest citizenship pathways in Europe.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Long residency |
10+ years |
|
No dual citizenship |
Exceptions are rare |
|
High integration standards |
Language and culture |
|
Financial stability |
Strong income proof |
Monaco Citizenship Difficulty
Monaco offers residency easily, but citizenship is one of the hardest to obtain.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
10+ years residency |
Continuous stay required |
|
Sovereign approval |
Prince’s discretion |
|
Limited approvals |
Very rare |
|
High financial threshold |
Wealth expectations |
Finland Citizenship Difficulty
Finland is strict in practice, making it one of the most difficult visas to get converted into citizenship for some applicants.
|
Reason |
Details |
|
Long residency |
5-7 years |
|
Language requirement |
Finnish or Swedish |
|
Integration checks |
Employment stability |
|
Clean legal record |
Strict enforcement |
Quick Read:What is the Difference Between Permanent Residency and Citizenship
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It is no secret that some countries are harder to get citizenship than others. This article has provided a list of the most difficult countries to get citizenship. The stringent requirements, prolonged timelines, and complex regulations can make the journey seem daunting.
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